Targeting and universalism in developing countries thandika mkandawire conceptual case aid is nowadays understood not so much in terms of helping developing countries. The big bwana syndrome and the state like other countries of the region, malawi has a hybrid, neopatrimonial state, where there is a framework of formal law and administration but the state is informally captured by patronage networks. Interrogating the concept of the developmental state in. Developmental state refers to a state which makes its primary goal to enhance economical growth and transformation. A swedish national of malawian origin, he is an economist with many years experience in the promotion of comparative research on development issues. The state and agriculture in africa book, 1987 worldcat.
International development research centre po box 8500, ottawa, on, canada k1g 3h9 canadian cataloguing in publication data mkandawire, p. Mar 21, 20 ethiopia eprdf, developmental state, and rent seeking. Our continent, our futurepresents an attempt by a number of african scholars to regain the initiative in matters relating to the future development of africa. As a result, lockwoodsefforts to 40 commonwealth good governance 201112 the democratic developmental state wishful thinking or direction of travel. However it has experienced more economic than political liberalization. Moreover rapid growth in the south contrasts with residual conflict around. Thinking about developmental states in africa cambridge journal. In terms of ideology developmental state is essentially one whose ideological underpinning is. An impossible developmental state in the south african context. Thandika mkandawire, chair in african development at the lse. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. This paper sets out to highlight features of social policies in developing countries that are inseparable from the developmental projects being pursued by such countries. Youth development and women empowerment in an evolving.
Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Yet the developmental state literature also offered a theoretical approach to growth that was heterodox with respect to prevailing approaches in both economics and political science. In this essay i show why the logic of the developmental state is incompatible with the achievement of genderequity. Factors that explain malaysias development miracle are discussed.
An impossible developmental state in the south african. With the passing of thandika mkandawire on march 27, 2020, the world has lost a giant of development, a towering economist, a brilliant thinker, and a committed fighter for social justice born in 1940, thandika first experienced the slap of injustice in early childhood. Information and translations of developmental state in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The democratic developmental state commonwealth governance. Ebook or pdf edited book email encyclopedia article govt. The future of developmental states lse research online. Thinking about developmental states in africa thandika mkandawire. Developmental state in africa united nations university. Ali department of political science, university of toronto noaman. Pdf on jan 1, 2010, thandika mkandawire and others published from maladjusted states to democratic developmental states in africa find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
His research focus in development theory and economic and social policy. The role and future and future of ngos in africa paper presented at. Transformative social policy and the developmental state. Developmental states, african development, africaasia.
Delivering the democratic developmental state in south africa. The developmental state in africa duepublico uni due. The potential of south africa as a developmental st ate a political economy critique. This infers that south africas claim to be a developmental state could be more aspirational rhetoric. Mkandawire has published extensively on social policy, developmental states, regional integration and economic development as well as various macroeconomic and political economy issues. Professor anthony butler a thesis submitted to the faculty of arts, university of the witwatersrand, johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of arts. Mkandawire 2001 views it as a state that emphasises capacity to implement economic policies sagaciously and effectively. Unrisd working papers are posted online to stimulate discussion and critical comment. In addition, in the context of aid fatigue, it has become politically. Developmental state as one focused on economic development and takes necessary. Developmental states and the east asian experience.
As originally conceived, the developmental state described stateled. Based on developmental state paradigm, the ruling party has been able to design a. The future of developmental states lse international. The developmental state is a state which is different from the neoliberal state as well as from the all encompassing communist state and this has primarily to do with its priorities. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Thandika mkandawire was a malawian economist and public intellectual who is currently a chair of african development and professor of african development at the london school of economics. One night, trucks came with soldiers and removed thandikas family from their farm in malawi. Thinking about developmental states in africa 291 while measuring the latter by the presumed outcomes of its policies. This essay describes the attributes of the developmental state and explains how they led to highly successful economic development in the newly industrialized countries nics. The term developmental state has been incorrectly used to describe any state presiding over a period of economic development and improvement in living standards.
The developmental state in africa 9 the persistence of unemployment, poverty and inequality in the country a developmental state was needed to address these problems and that south africa had taken several steps in that direction turok 2008. In terms of ideology developmental state is essentially one whose ideological underpinning is developmentalist in that it. One remarkable feature of the discourse on the state and development in africa is the. Recently marwala 2009 describes the developmental state as different from the hollow. Pdf on jan 1, 2010, thandika mkandawire and others published from maladjusted states to democratic developmental states in africa find, read and. Colonial legacies and social welfare regimes in africa. By the 1980s, however, the tide had shifted in mainstream development economics and the state was out of favour. The state s capacity to engineer economic transformation is discussed using literature on the developmental state paradigm.
Uganda is no longer a classic african nightmare having successfully transformed itself from 15 years of civil wars to 15 years of rapid growth. Thandika mkandawire was director of unrisd from 1998 to 2009. Robert wade, professor of political economy and development at. Thandika mkandawire, chair in african development at the. The developmental state idea is still one that is disputed in the academic literature.
The state was taken to be central in guiding and coordinating economic development, however defined. The developmental state in the era of globalization. This paper is not to be quoted without the permission of the corresponding author gumede. Consequently the concept of the east asian developmental state as a model has been extensively discussed in the literature, and until the 1990s, many academics and policy makers in the development field have championed the developmental state approach as a model that could hold relevance for other developing regions. Thus ultimately for the developmental state, economic development is not a goal but a means. And, concludes that given the practices of the government visavis the principles of democracy and developmental state, ethiopia couldnt be taken as best model for democratic developmental state, rather emerging developmental state. Bagchi 2000 views the developmental state as a state that puts economic development. The theory and practice of building developmental states in. Mkandawire who sees a developmental state as one whose ideological. But mkandawire fails to offer a plausible account of how developmental states could emerge in africa, while taking refuge in blaming international financial institutions for stifling their creation. Social policy is not something that countries engage in after development or after crossing a certain development threshold. He studied economics at ohio state university and the university of stockholm and has taught at the universities of stockholm and. Apr, 20 is the achievement of genderequity compatible with the logic of the developmental state. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar.
He has published widely on african development, governance and democratization, including a number of iconic pieces on the african state mkandawire, 2001, 2005, developmental social policy mkandawire, 2004a, 2007a, and taxation mkandawire, 2010. Rewriting history to talk of an east asian model may appear quixotic as there is a variety of forms that the developmental state in asia has exhibited. The developmental state must be able to unite the public sector, business, labour and civil society in a partnership geared to implement this shared programme. This years development dialogue addressed an important issue in international development. Thandika mkandawire kate meagher professor thandika mkandawire is a leading development economist specializing in the comparative study of africa.
The central or overarching theme in mkandawire s publications and other materials he has written is. Introduction implicit in every development strategy is social policy. States, institutions and the politics of propoor development. The developmental state must also play a much stronger role in establishing clear, measurable and timebound targets for common programmes, and for monitoring their implementation. With reference to argentina, brazil, ethiopia, rwanda and china, we contend that new developmental states are evidence of a move beyond the historical. Characteristics of a developmental state in order to understand the concept of a developmental state, it is important to highlight some of the characteristics of a developmental state thompson, 1996. In fact, according to some scholars this debate has now gone full cycle cf. Jun 15, 2008 the term developmental state has been incorrectly used to describe any state presiding over a period of economic development and improvement in living standards.
The usage new basically implies a return to the developmental state. Interrogating the concept of the developmental state in southern africa. Thandika mkandawire, thinking about developmental states in africa. It has led to myopic concentration of analysis around success to the neglect of the trial and error nature of policymaking even in the most successful cases. Prospects for the formation of developmental states in. One remarkable feature of the discourse on the state and development in africa is the disjuncture between an analytical tradition that insists on the impossibility of developmental states in africa and a prescriptive literature that presupposes their existence. African analysts who defend the need for a democratic developmental state in africa. The developmental state paradigm postcolonial developmental efforts largely took the role of the state for granted.
It presents an african perspective on the accumulated evidence about africas poor economic performance and is in keeping with the recent call by the chief economist to the world bank. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Targeting and universalism in developing countries thandika. A developmental state is one whose sociopolitical foundations are developmental and one that totally endeavour to deploy its administrative and political resources to the task of economic development mkandawire, 2001. Pdf from maladjusted states to democratic developmental. The concept of the developmental state emerged to explain the rapid growth of a number of countries in east asia in the postwar period. Dr geoffrey swenson, lse fellow in the department of international development, writes on the 2016 development dialogue featuring professor robert wade and professor thandika mkandawire. As thandika mkandawire pointed out in 2001, trial and error is as much a part of the success story of developed countries. Development studies, university of johannesburg contributions from gcino mlaba are acknowledged. Development danida, the dutch government, and the government of senegal for support of its research and publication activities. South africa is nowhere closer to displaying the characteristics of a developmental state as defined by mkandawire. Kwon 2005 and also contributes to popular support and legitimacy as housing policy has done in singapore lee 2001. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile.
Definition of developmental state in the dictionary. Thinking about developmental states in africa cambridge. Mkandawire was a panafrican par excellence, not confined to the boundaries of a nation state. Youth development and women empowerment in an evolving postapartheid south african developmental state vusi gumede, phd associate professor. Neopatrimonialism is a system of social hierarchy where patrons use state resources in order to secure the loyalty of clients in the general population. A developmental state in africa what can policy makers in africa learn from the idea of developmental state. Prospects for the formation of developmental states in africa. Brief background and synopsis of developmental state 2 state bureaucracies played a leading role in the development of their societies leftwich 1995 2008. I argue therefore that we need to bring politics back in, centrally, to the analysis and promotion of propoor development and welfare regimes. As meyns and musamba 2010 explain succinctly, johnsons developmental state, as seen in the japanese case, is characterized by three distinctive institutional features.
The core idea of the developmental state model is that the state should make development agenda its top priority and intervene in the economy to facilitate growth and economic transformation. Developmental states generally put strong emphasis on technical education and. Youth development and women empowerment in an evolving post. Ethiopia eprdf, developmental state, and rent seeking. The advocacy for a developmental state is in most instances associated with the capitalistic ideology that the state should be at the forefront of economic development while also expediting a modern and industrial society. Ideologically, such a state in principle establishes legitimacy within its ability. The potential of south africa as a developmental state. The challenge for policyoriented research is thus not simply to explore the profoundly difficult problems of statebuilding or the design and funding of welfare regimes, but how to identify, support and encourage the political forces and coalitions which alone will create. Is the achievement of genderequity compatible with the logic of the developmental state. His prodigious understanding of the varied history, political economy and development economics of a wide range of african countries underpins a reputation for incisive analysis. It is an informal patronclient relationship that can reach from very high up in state structures down to individuals in small villages. Social policy in a development context thandika mkandawire social policy and development programme paper number 7. To this day, the codesrias general assembly in dakar is a pilgrimage, as africas social science organizations gather for a week of deliberations, bringing together some of the best of the continents minds.
Malaysias industrial and agricultural transformation is presented as examples of the developmental state. For this purpose, i examine two features of the developmental state namely its capitalist and its authoritarian dimension. Eprdf, developmental state, and rent seeking ethiopia has achieved one of the fastest growing economies in the world for the last consecutive years by adopting east asian countries model of development. Pdf thinking about development states in africa researchgate. The developmental state directly and actively influenced the direction, pace and goals of development, rather than leaving it to uncoordinated market forces or an invisible hand to allocate resources in the economy johnson, 1982.